Pengaruh Modal Intelektual Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan BUMN Sub Sektor Semen Studi Empiris Yang Terdaftar di Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Selama Periode 2015-2019
Abstract
Abstract
Background of the Research:The cement industry is one of the crucial sectors in Indonesia's economy, where state-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a vital role. As competition becomes more intense, the management of intellectual capital becomes a key factor in improving company performance, particularly profitability. Intellectual capital, consisting of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, can create sustainable value for companies.
Purpose of the Research:This research aims to examine the influence of intellectual capital on the profitability of SOE cement companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2015-2019.
Methodologies:This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive and causal research design. The data used is secondary data obtained from the annual reports of SOE cement companies listed on the IDX. The analysis method employed is multiple linear regression, with Return on Assets (ROA) as the profitability indicator and three components of intellectual capital: human capital, structural capital, and relational capital as independent variables.
Principal Results:The results of the study show that intellectual capital, consisting of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, has a positive and significant effect on the profitability of SOE cement companies. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.753 indicates that 75.3% of the variation in profitability can be explained by the intellectual capital variables studied.
Major Conclusions:Intellectual capital plays a significant role in improving the profitability of SOE cement companies. Each component of intellectual capital contributes significantly to increasing ROA, with human capital and structural capital being the most dominant factors.
Contributions to the Fiel:This study provides new insights into the importance of managing intellectual capital as a strategy to enhance profitability, especially in the cement sector managed by SOEs. The findings of this research can serve as a reference for policymakers and company management to optimize intellectual resources in improving company financial performance.
Keywords:Intellectual Capital, Profitability, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Return on Assets (ROA), SOE Companies, Cement Subsector, Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Abstrak
Latar Belakang Penelitian:Industri semen merupakan salah satu sektor penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, di mana perusahaan-perusahaan BUMN memainkan peran vital. Seiring dengan persaingan yang semakin ketat, pengelolaan modal intelektual menjadi faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan, khususnya profitabilitas. Modal intelektual yang terdiri dari modal manusia, modal struktural, dan modal relasional dapat berperan dalam menciptakan nilai tambah yang berkelanjutan bagi perusahaan.
Tujuan Penelitian:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh modal intelektual terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan BUMN sub sektor semen yang terdaftar di Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) selama periode 2015-2019.
Metodologi:Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif dan kausal. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan semen BUMN yang terdaftar di BEI. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda, dengan Return on Assets (ROA) sebagai indikator profitabilitas, dan tiga komponen modal intelektual: modal manusia, modal struktural, dan modal relasional sebagai variabel independen.
Hasil Utama:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal intelektual, yang terdiri dari modal manusia, modal struktural, dan modal relasional, memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan BUMN sub sektor semen. Koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,753 mengindikasikan bahwa 75,3% variasi dalam profitabilitas dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel modal intelektual yang diteliti.
Kesimpulan Utama:Modal intelektual memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan BUMN sub sektor semen. Setiap komponen modal intelektual berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan ROA, dengan modal manusia dan modal struktural menjadi faktor yang paling dominan.
Kontribusi terhadap Bidang Ilmu:Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan baru mengenai pentingnya pengelolaan modal intelektual sebagai strategi dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan, terutama pada sektor semen yang dikelola oleh BUMN. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi pengambil kebijakan dan manajemen perusahaan untuk mengoptimalkan sumber daya intelektual dalam meningkatkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan.
Kata Kunci:Modal Intelektual, Profitabilitas, Modal Manusia, Modal Struktural, Modal Relasional, Return on Assets (ROA), Perusahaan BUMN, Sub Sektor Semen, Bursa Efek Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21202/waratsah.v11i2.108
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